CHAPTER 3
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Protective clothing and equipment (PPE) protect against laboratory hazards. In terms of cost-benefit ratio, PPE is your best defense against laboratory hazards. Lab users are expected to wear proper protective gear if they are working with any of the following hazards:
- Chemical and Gas: Chemicals or gases with an NFPA rating of 1 or above.
- Radiation: Lasers above Class II, exposed X-rays, or radioactive materials.
- Electrical: High Voltage (above 50 volts AC or 120 volts DC) or high-power equipment (typically above 1 kilowatt).
- Biological: Infectious molecules/ organisms, blood samples, etc.
- Mechanical hazards, such as machining workshops with turning, milling, drilling equipment, power tools, spinning loads, equipment at high pressure, etc.
- Cryogen: Low-temperature fluids.
3.1 Description of PPE
3.1 Description of PPE
3.1 Description of PPE
3.1.1 Eyes
- Understand the difference between safety glasses, chemical splash goggles, and face shields. The first is for mechanical hazards, and the second is for splash/spill hazards that need 360-degree protection. The third is for extra safety while handling bigger hazards, such as large volumes of liquids, cryogens, and pressurized gases.
- Eyes are easily injured, so in the vicinity of sharp objects, rapidly moving machines, hot material, or flying particles, safety glasses must be worn. It is strongly recommended that safety glasses be worn in all labs at all times.
- Eyes are covered with capillaries, so they quickly absorb harmful chemicals. Splash goggles must be worn when there is a danger of splashing chemicals or cryogens.
- Prescription spectacles do not provide protection. Please wear safety glasses/splash goggles over the prescription glasses.
Fig 3.1 Different types of glasses
3.1 Description of PPE
3.1.2 Face & Head
- When working with large amounts of chemicals, e.g., 4-litre bottles, or in the vicinity of explosive/ implosive hazards, e.g., vacuum systems with glass jars, a face shield in addition to safety or splash goggles is recommended.
- Safety helmets protect from falling objects, falls, and overhead bumps. Use safety helmets, hard hats, and bump caps if the lab has heavy overhead storage, overhead equipment that can fall, moving machinery, sharp edges, structures near or above head-height, and overhead electrical hazards.
3.1 Description of PPE
3.1.3 Hands
- Gloves prevent contact with toxic or biological agents, hot or extremely cold surfaces, corrosives, and sharp objects. Appropriate gloves need to be worn when handling hazardous materials or chemicals in a laboratory.
- Safety gloves are available for all hazards. Select the correct glove for the hazard in question.
- Ensure that there is no gap between the end of the lab coat sleeve and the glove.
- Chemicals will eventually penetrate all materials. Change gloves periodically to minimize penetration.
- Wash your hands after leaving the lab, even if you were wearing gloves. Long-term exposure to even minuscule amounts of toxins can have very adverse effects. Chronic exposure is very hard to diagnose or detect. Prevention is the only option.
Fig 3.2 Different types of gloves
3.1 Description of PPE
3.1.4 Body and Feet
- Cover your skin and wear full-length trousers, salwar, etc. No shorts are allowed while working in hazardous laboratories.
- Avoid synthetic fabrics that may melt when exposed to heat or any chemicals
- Aprons or laboratory coats must be worn, especially when handling chemicals.
- Always wear a flame-resistant, chemical-resistant lab coat or apron to protect against chemical splashes, heat, or biological agents.
- Use chemical-resistant gowns or disposable coveralls when handling corrosives, infectious agents, or radioactive substances.
- Wear hard-toe, good-fit shoes in labs to protect your feet. No slippers, sandals, or high heels. No one should be barefoot.
- Separate footwear for the lab is useful to prevent dust and cross-contamination.
- Wear shoes with slip-resistant soles on wet or chemical-spilled floors.
- Wear reinforced safety shoes in areas with heavy equipment, glassware, or cryogenic liquids.
- Remove protective clothing immediately after leaving the lab to avoid spreading contamination.
3.1 Description of PPE
3.1.5 Masks & Breathing Apparatus
- Masks & breathing apparatus protect laboratory users from toxic gases, chemical vapors, harmful dust, fumes, and oxygen-deficient atmospheres. Appropriate breathing apparatus must be used whenever there is a chance of inhaling hazardous chemicals, gases, or aerosols.
- Masks & breathing apparatus are of various types with varying levels of protection, e.g., N95 masks, Air-Purifying Respirators (APRs), Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPRs), Supplied-Air Respirators (SARs), and Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). To choose an appropriate respirator, follow the table below.
- Inspect the breathing apparatus before using, ensure the correct fit and seal.
Fig 3.3 Different types of masks and breathing apparatus
- Air-Purifying Respirators (APRs), Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPRs), Supplied-Air Respirators (SARs), and Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) need maintenance, like regular cleaning, inspection, timely replacement of filters or cylinders, correct storage, and record-keeping.
- Supplied-Air Respirators (SARs) and Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) require training. Contact OLSEH.
Table No. 3.1 Types of respirators
| Type of Respirator | Protection Level | Typical Use Case / Hazard | Key Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| N95 Mask | Particulate filtration ≥95% | Dust, non-oil aerosols, mild airborne contaminants | Disposable; suitable for short-term exposure; does not protect against gases or oxygen-deficient environments |
|
Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) |
Depends on cartridge type (particulate, gas, vapor) | Solvent vapours, fumes, and dusts in the lab | Must select the correct cartridge; not suitable in oxygen-deficient atmospheres; limited duration based on cartridge capacity |
| Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) | High-efficiency particulate + gas/vapor filters | High dust loads, chemical fume labs, and extended operations | A battery-powered fan provides airflow; it is more comfortable for long use, but it still requires a correct cartridge for specific hazards |
| Supplied-Air Respirator (SAR) | Continuous fresh air supply | Confined spaces, chemical handling with high vapor concentrations | Requires an air supply hose; safer in extended high-hazard conditions; mobility is limited by hose length |
| Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) | Independent air supply | Oxygen-deficient environments, highly toxic chemicals, and emergency response | Heavy, limited duration (usually 30–60 min); suitable for rescue or spill response; full PPE integration needed |
3.1 Description of PPE
3.1.6 Ears
- Ear protection prevents hearing loss caused by continuous exposure to loud noise from centrifuges, compressors, vacuum pumps, alarms, high-frequency equipment, and accidental explosions.
- Common ear protection includes disposable earplugs, reusable earplugs, earmuffs, and electronic noise-cancelling earmuffs used in high-noise laboratory areas. Disposable earplugs have an NRR of 25-35 dB and are suitable for noise levels of 85-95 dB(A). Reusable earplugs have an NRR of 20-30 dB, useful for continuous noise between 90-100 dB(A). Earmuffs provide an NRR of 25-35 dB and are recommended for high-noise areas like compressor or centrifuge rooms with 100- 110 dB(A) sound levels. Electronic noise-cancelling earmuffs offer up to 20-30 dB protection and are ideal for variable or sudden loud noises above 95 dB(A). Choose ear protection based on noise level, comfort, duration of exposure, and compatibility with other required laboratory safety equipment.
- Insert earplugs properly, ensure earmuffs form a tight seal, and avoid removing protection while inside noisy laboratory environments.
3.2 Minimum PPE
3.2 Minimum PPE
The “minimum” PPE must be worn at all times in all hazardous labs.
- Eyes: Safety Glasses
- Hands: Disposable thin-nitrile gloves. Avoid latex since it is permeable and can cause allergic reactions.
- Body: Long pants or equivalent leg covering (no shorts). Synthetic clothing is not allowed when working with any fire hazards.
- Close-toed shoes: Laboratory footwear should fully cover the feet. No sandals or flip-flops. The common practice of removing footwear outside the lab is not allowed. If dirt is a concern, please provide in-lab footwear (closed toe).
- Tied hair: No loose long hair. All long beards and hair should be properly tied or covered.
Fig 3.4 Minimum PPE vs. PPE for big hazards
3.3 Additional PPE
3.3 Additional PPE
Additional PPE will be needed for specialized laboratories. A concise list of common use cases is given below. A larger table is provided in the Appendix. When in doubt, talk to an authority. Always err on the side of more PPE!
These are additional PPE, needed over all the above the minimum PPE.
- Proper ventilation is directly linked to the effectiveness of PPE. Respirators, masks, and other protective gear can only provide adequate safety if background solvent or vapour levels are kept within safe limits, which requires fume hoods or local exhaust systems. In poorly ventilated labs, heat stress also discourages continuous use of gloves, coats, and face shields. Therefore, PPE requirements must be coupled with minimum ventilation standards: ensure adequate air changes per hour (at least 6–12 air changes per hour (ACH)), use fume hoods or portable extractors for chemical work, schedule hazardous tasks only in ventilated spaces, and suspend all chemical handling if ventilation fails. This ensures PPE functions as intended as the last line of defence, not the only one.
- PPE is a consumable. Please replace it when it is worn out or torn.
- Laboratories with hazardous chemicals must stock PPE appropriate for the type and quantity of chemical during both handling and storage.
- The PPE must be within easy access of users.
3.3 Additional PPE
3.3.1 General Hazards
| Task | Potential Consequence | Additional PPE |
|---|---|---|
| Exposed to pressures >2 bar or a vacuum of <400 mm of Hg. |
Skin damage Eye damage Implosion |
Face: Face shield if no other implosion/explosion barrier exists. |
| Working with high temperatures |
Burns Fire Splash |
Hands: Gloves suitable for the
temperature. Body: Lab coat or apron suitable for the working temperature. |
| Working with inert cryogens (He, N2, etc) |
Frostbite Eye damage Hypoxia in confined spaces |
For ≤10 liters Body: Lab coat or apron Eyes: Safety goggles Hands: Inner disposable nitrile gloves + outer insulated cryogenic gloves. |
| Working at elevation | Fall and subsequent injury |
Height > 3 m Use ladders with a stable base. Ad hoc platforms, stools, and chairs are not allowed. |
| High-speed machinery |
Entangled hair. Flying scrap or particles |
Tie long hair in a bun or use
a hairnet. Hard-toed safety shoes. Eyes: Safety glasses. |
3.3 Additional PPE
3.3.2 Chemical Hazards
| Category |
Maximum Limits in a quadrant |
Hazard |
Additional PPE (excluding minimum PPE) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Low hazard solids, e.g., zinc powder, Ca metal, magnesium hydroxide. |
Particle size > 10 µm 
|
1. Eye damage 2. Skin exposure |
1. Minimum PPE only 2. Fine particles of <10 µm are to be handled separately. |
| 2. Moderate hazard solids, e.g., sulphur, magnesium & naphthalene. |
Particle size > 10 µm 
|
1. Eye damage 2. Skin exposure 3. Fire |
1. Eyes: Safety goggles 2. Body: Chemical-resistant apron or lab coat. |
| 3. High hazard solids, e.g., sodium metal, potassium metal, & white phosphorus. |
Particle size > 10 µm 
|
1. Eye damage 2. Skin exposure 3. Explosible 4. Spontaneous fire |
1. Eyes: Safety goggles 2. Face: Face shield 3. Hands: Chemical-resistant gloves (thick) as a second layer 4. Body: Chemical-resistant apron 5. Control: Use in a fumehood |
| 4. Solids that are fine powders, like silica dust, carbon black, dry nanoparticle & alumina polishing powder |
Particle size < 10 µm 
|
1. Inhalation 2. Explosible |
In addition to PPE specified
for larger particle size: 1. Face: Suitable face mask or respirator 2. Control: Use in a fume hood only if the dust is explosive. |
| 5. Low hazard liquids in small quantities, e.g., acetic acid & ethylene glycol. |
Quantity < 100 ml
|
1. Eye damage 2. Skin exposure |
Minimum PPE only It is not applicable if the liquid is absorbed through the skin, is a long-term toxin (carcinogen, mutagen, teratogen), or is a nanoparticle solution. |
| 6 Low hazard liquids, e.g., acetic acid & ethyl glycol. |
Quantity > 100 ml
|
1. Eye damage 2. Skin exposure 3. Splash |
1. Eyes: Safety goggles 2. Hands: A second layer of thin nitrile gloves. 3. Body: Chemical-resistant apron or lab coat. |
| 7 Moderate hazard liquids in small quantities, e.g., most alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, methanol), acetone, xylene, chloroform, THF & DMF |
Quantity < 100 ml
|
1. Skin damage 2. Eye damage 3. Fire |
1. Body: Chemical-resistant
apron or lab coat. 2. Control: Ventilated area |
| 8. Moderate hazard liquids, e.g., most alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, methanol), acetone, xylene, chloroform, THF & DMF |
100 ml < Quantity < 4 litres 
|
1. Skin damage 2. Eye damage 3. Fire 4. Splash |
1. Eyes: Safety goggles 2. Hands: A second layer of thin nitrile gloves is needed for permeating solvents (e.g., DMF, chloroform, THF) or prolonged contact. 3. Body: Chemical-resistant apron or lab coat. 4. Control: Use in a fume hood. |
| 9. High hazard liquids, e.g., sulphuric acid, nitric acid, alkali hydroxides, & formaldehyde |
Quantity < 4 litres
|
1. Eye damage 2. Skin damage 3. Splash 4. Inhalation |
1. Eyes: Safety goggles 2. Hands: Chemical-resistant gloves (thick) as a second glove 3. Body: Chemical-resistant apron or lab coat 4. Control: Use in a fume hood. If a fume hood is not available, then a chemical-resistant apron is mandatory. |
| 10. Any hazardous liquid in large quantities |
Quantity > 4 litres
|
1. Splash 2. Ingestion |
In addition to the PPE specified
for liquids: 1. Eyes: Safety goggles 2. Face: Face shield with mask. Replace with a respirator if fumes are very serious. 3. Hands: Chemical-resistant gloves (thick) as a second layer 4. Body: Chemical-resistant apron |
| 11. Acutely toxic chemicals, e.g., hydrogen fluoride, hydrazine, hydrogen cyanide, chlorosulfonic acid, hydrogen sulphide at high concentration, phenol at high concentrations, nickel carbonyl & dimethylmercury |
|
1. Eye damage 2. Skin penetration 3. Inhalation 4. Systemic toxicity 5. Lethal in small doses |
Work inside a glove box OR 1. Eyes: Safety goggles 2. Face: Face shield. Suitable face mask if the material is noxious. 3. Hands: Two layers of appropriate gloves. 4. Body: Chemical-resistant apron 5. Control: Use in a well-ventilated fume hood or glove box with tight engineering control |
| 12. Special toxin that is absorbed through the skin, a long-term toxin (carcinogen, mutagen, teratogen), or a nanoparticle solution. E.g., benzene, hexavalent Cr, ethidium bromide, DMSO, carbon tetrachloride, cadmium, lead, or mercury |
|
1. Eye damage 2. Skin penetration 3. Inhalation 4. Systemic toxicity |
Work inside a glove box OR 1. Eyes: Safety goggles 2. Hands: Two layers of appropriate resistant gloves 3. Body: Chemical-resistant apron 4. Control: Use in a well-ventilated fume hood or glove box with tight engineering control |
| 13. Highly flammable chemicals, e.g., diethyl ether, acetaldehyde, ethylene oxide, vinyl chloride & isopropyl ether |
|
1. Explosible 2. Spontaneous fire 3. Flying debris |
Talk to OLSEH. Need special permission and protocols. OLSEH inspection is mandatory. |
| 14. Explosive chemicals, e.g., azides, hydrogen peroxide (≥52%), picric acid, compressed ozone, fluorine gas, nitroglycerin, diacetone & tetranitromethane |
|
1. Explosible 2. Spontaneous fire 3. Flying debris |
Talk to OLSEH. Need special permission and protocols. OLSEH inspection is mandatory. |
| 15. Radioactive chemicals |
|
1. Radiation 2. Systemic toxicity |
Talk to OLSEH. Need AERB special permission and protocols. OLSEH inspection is mandatory. |
3.3 Additional PPE
3.3.3 Biohazards
| Level & Task | Potential Consequence | Additional PPE |
|---|---|---|
|
1 BSL1 Handling clinical, animal, or biological samples that are not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adults, but can cause infection in immunocompromised adults, and pose minimal risk to personnel and the environment. |
Accidental exposure or contamination to infectious material/ particles | 1. Body: full sleeves, full-length lab coat or disposable gown/apron |
|
2a BSL 2 Handling or preserving animal or human specimens preserved in fixative (such as formalin or Paraformaldehyde solution) |
1. Exposure to
fixative is used
to preserve the
specimen. 2. If tissue is fixed, there is no longer exposure to infectious material. |
1. Hand: An Impermeable glove that
is chemically resistant to fixative. 2. Face: Face mask 3. Lab coat or disposable gown |
|
2b BSL 2 Working with radioactive human blood, body fluids, or bloodborne pathogens (BBP) |
1. Exposure to
infectious material 2. Cell damage 3. The potential spread of radioactive contaminants. |
1. Face: Face mask (N95 or triple-layer mask,
depending on the agent) + Face shield 2. Body: Lab coat or disposable gown 3. Appropriate radiological PPE according to the material being used. |
|
2c BSL 2 Manipulation of recombinant DNA, cell lines, venoms, and acute biological toxins., DNA, RNA, viruses, bacteria, or other organisms classified as Risk Group 2 and requiring Biosafety Cabinet class 2(A2, B1, or B2) to perform aerosol-generating procedures: Vortex, sonicate, pipette, tissue harvest |
Moderate potential for infection by injection (including needle prick), skin exposure, ingestion, or inhalation |
1. Face: Face mask (N95, N95 with
respirators, or triple-layer mask, depending
on the agent) 2. Body: Lab coat or Disposable gown |
|
2d BSL 2 Working with live animals, e.g., mice, rats, chicken eggs, rabbits, etc |
1. Animal bites 2. Exposure to animal allergens. 3. Exposure to pathogens like Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Candida, etc. |
1. Eye: Safety goggles 2. Hands: Restraints or bite-resistant gloves 3. Face: N95 respirator. 4. Head: Hair bonnet 5. Body: full-cover lab coat or apron 6. Foot: Safety shoe (bite-resistant and waterresistant), shoe covers |
| 3 BSL 2+1 Working with infectious bacterial, viral, or fungal cultures. OR Handling human blood or bodily fluids, which have a higher risk than BSL2 but a lower risk than BSL3 |
1. Accidental infection or environmental contamination. 2. Direct exposure to bloodborne pathogens (e.g., HIV, Hepatitis), leading to infection. |
1. Eye: Safety goggles 1. Accidental infection or environmental contamination. 2. Direct exposure to bloodborne pathogens (e.g., HIV, Hepatitis), leading to infection. |
|
4 BSL 3 Manipulation of Risk Group 3 infectious materials (serious or potentially lethal diseases) requires Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) containment. E.g., pathogens like tuberculosis or some encephalitis viruses. |
Serious or lethal potential for infection via injection, skin exposure, ingestion, or inhalation. |
1. Eye: Safety goggles 2. Hands: Nitrile gloves (double) 3. Face: N95 or other triple-layered mask 4. Head: Fluid-resistant head cover + Face shield. 5. Body: Full disposable coveralls 6. Foot: Shoe cover 7. With animals, use bite-resistant/scratchresistant gloves and body cover and waterresistant shoes. |
3.3 Additional PPE
3.3.4 Radiation Hazards
| Hazard |
Potential Consequence |
Additional PPE |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Sealed sources with low dosage |
Radiation-induced cell damage |
1. TLD badges, if mandated by the RSO |
| 2. Unsealed solid radioactive materials or waste. |
1. Radiation-induced
cell damage 2. Potential spread of radioactive material |
1. Hands: Disposable nitrile
or other impermeable gloves
(double) 2. Face: N95 mask 3. Body: Lab coat or apron 4. TLD badges, if mandated by the RSO |
|
3.
Liquid radioactive material
or waste in corrosive,
flammable, or aqueous media Radioactive powders |
1. Radiation-induced
cell damage 2. Potential spread of radioactive material 3. Chemical exposure |
1. Eyes: Safety goggles 2. Hands: Disposable nitrile or other impermeable gloves (double) 3. Face: N95 mask 4. Body: Lab coat or apron 5. TLD badges, if mandated by the RSO 6. Additional PPE is required for liquid media. |
| 4. Open-beam X-rays that are not enclosed or interlocked inside the equipment | Radiation-induced cell damage | Talk to OLSEH. Special permission and protocols are required. |
3.3 Additional PPE
3.3.5 Lasers & Intense Light Sources
| Task | Potential Consequence | Additional PPE |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Open-beam laser of Class 3 or above, in a setup that is not fully contained or interlocked. |
1. Eye damage 2. Skin damage |
1. Eye: Appropriate laser safety
goggles/glasses with optical density
based on individual beam parameters. 2. Skin: Fully covered arms and feet. Flame-resistant clothing. Avoid synthetics. 3. Avoid reflective jewellery. 4. Foot: Closed Toe Shoes |
| 2. Troubleshooting or maintenance of a class 3 or above laser system in a way that defeats the interlock(s) or containment |
1. Eye damage 2. Skin damage 3. Explosion of glass components |
1. Eye: Appropriate laser safety
goggles/glasses with optical density
based on individual beam parameters. 2. Skin: Fully covered arms and feet. Flame-resistant clothing. Avoid synthetics. 3. Hands: Electrically insulated gloves 4. Avoid reflective jewellery. 5. This is a specialised activity. The PPE above assumes the personnel are trained. |
| 3. Working with intense light sources, infrared-emitting equipment, and UV sources (<400 nm) |
1. Eye damage 2. Skin-burn |
1. Eye: Appropriate laser safety
goggles/glasses with optical density
based on individual beam parameters. 2. Skin: Fully covered arms and feet. Flame-resistant clothing. Avoid synthetics. 3. Hand: Protective Gloves |
3.3 Additional PPE
3.3.6 Compressed Gas Cylinders & Cryogens
| Task | Potential Consequence | Additional PPE |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Transport or handling of inert gas cylinders (NFPA 704 rating of <2 in all quadrants) | 1. Loss of containment due to a fall or damage to the valve |
1. Hand: Wear mechanically resistant
gloves when handling cylinders. 2. Foot: Closed-toed shoes 3. Use a cylinder cart. No rolling. |
| 2. Transport or handling of flammable gases with an NFPA 704 flammability rating of ≥3 & oxidizing gas cylinders |
1. Loss of containment due to
a fall or damage to the valve 2. Fire or explosion due to a sudden release |
1. Skin: Flame-resistant antistatic
safety clothing. 2. Hand: Wear mechanically resistant gloves when handling cylinders. 3. Foot: Closed-toed shoes. 4. Use a cylinder cart. No rolling. 5. Use non-arcing tools. 6. Discharge static electricity by touching grounded metal surface. |
| 3. Transport or handling of toxic gases with an NFPA 704 health rating of ≥3 |
1. Loss of containment due to
a fall or damage to the valve 2. Release of inhalable toxins |
1. Respiratory protection: Toxic
gas mask or self-contained
breathing apparatus 2. Hand: Wear mechanically resistant gloves when handling cylinders. 3. Foot: Closed-toed shoes. 4. Use a cylinder cart. No rolling. 5. Use fixed or portable gas detectors to monitor the cylinder. |
| 4. Transport or handling cryogenic liquids |
1. Frost bite/cold burn 2. Splash injury |
1. Hand: Cryogenic gloves 2. Eye/Face: Face shield/ Safety glass 3. Body: Cryogenic resistant apron/lab coat 4. Foot: Closed toe shoes |
3.3 Additional PPE
3.3.7 Electrical Hazards
| Task | Potential Consequence | Additional PPE |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Maintenance & repair of electrically powered equipment |
1. Electrocution 2. Electric shock |
1. Hands: Insulated electrical gloves. 2. Foot: Electrical safety shoes. 3. Work to be done by trained technicians ONLY. |
| 2. Working with high voltage (> 400 V) or electric panel inspection or troubleshooting or near wet electrical environment |
1. Electrocution 2. Arc flash 3. Burns 4. Electric shock |
1. Body: Arc flash clothing.
Switching suits are available
from low-level to high-level
protection. 2. Electrical-rated gloves and steel-toe cap boots with rubber are designed for protection against high voltage. 3. Electrical-rated safety helmet. 4. Remember to switch OFF the mains during work. |
| 3. Working with battery charging systems or power supply units |
1. Acid splash/explosion 2. Electric shock |
1. Hands: Chemical resistant gloves 2. Eye/Face: Face shield/Safety glass 3. Body: Lab coat/protective clothing |